He identified 31 different functions that follow the sequence after the initial situation is presented.
- Absentation
- Interdiction
- Violation of Interdiction
- Reconnaissance
- Delivery
- Trickery
- Complicity
- Villainy or Lack
- Mediation
- Beginning Counter-Action
- Departure
- First Function of the Donor
- Receipt of a Magical Agent
- Guidance
- Struggle
- Branding
- Victory
- Liquidation
- Return
- Pursuit
- Rescue
- Unrecognized Arrival
- Unfounded Claims
- Difficult Task
- Solution
- Recognition
- Exposure
- Transfiguration
- Punishment
- Wedding
These are his functions as stated by Vladimir. However some of these functions can be switched around if needed and one function can often be repeated multiple times in a single narrative.
Vladimir also identified 8 different but broad character types in the 100 Russian tales he analysed:
- The Villian
- The donor
- The helper
- The princess or prize
- Her father
- The dispatcher
- The hero or victim/seeker hero
- False hero
However Vladimir Propp has been criticised for removing all verbal aspects that differ in each tale during his analysis.
This video 21 questions by 50 Cent and Nate Dogg has some of the elements identified by Vladimir Propp. For example the main character 50 Cent leaves his home, the place where he feels safe and comfortable. This is ABSENTATION. Although we do not explicitly see it we also get the impression that the hero has been warned to not go to prison and we understand this subconsciously through the conversations and the expressions of fear and sadness from his girlfriend who he calls from inside prison. This is INTERDICTION. We also come across the villain who we immediately see when our hero is in transit to prison where the villain is dressed in black and harassing the hero. This is VIOLATION OF INTERDICTION. However the villain does not perform any RECONNAISSANCE, DELIVERY, TRICKERY or COMPLICITY. We do see VILLAINY towards the victim, although it is hard to say who is really the victim or hero in the video because from one point of view we could see 50 Cent's girlfriend as being the victim of losing her hero and from another point of view we can see 50 Cent as the victim having ended up in prison and looking to his girlfriend for support and as a heroine. We see the character that harassed our hero during transit to prison now get into a fight with the hero. This could also be STRUGGLE. As we near the end of the video we come across LIQUIDATION where the audience finds out that the prison was all in the hero's head and his fear of it. This is resolved when he realises that the police have not come for him. There is then VICTORY when the villain is defeated by our main character seeing him being taken away by the police from the opposite house and also PUNISHMENT as we know that the villain is going to prison.
In this video we only mainly see the main functions identified by Vladimir and some of the others such as RECONNAISSANCE and DELIVERY where the villain tries to exploit and manipulate the victim are not seen as this would probably make the video too long as a music video.
This video 21 questions by 50 Cent and Nate Dogg has some of the elements identified by Vladimir Propp. For example the main character 50 Cent leaves his home, the place where he feels safe and comfortable. This is ABSENTATION. Although we do not explicitly see it we also get the impression that the hero has been warned to not go to prison and we understand this subconsciously through the conversations and the expressions of fear and sadness from his girlfriend who he calls from inside prison. This is INTERDICTION. We also come across the villain who we immediately see when our hero is in transit to prison where the villain is dressed in black and harassing the hero. This is VIOLATION OF INTERDICTION. However the villain does not perform any RECONNAISSANCE, DELIVERY, TRICKERY or COMPLICITY. We do see VILLAINY towards the victim, although it is hard to say who is really the victim or hero in the video because from one point of view we could see 50 Cent's girlfriend as being the victim of losing her hero and from another point of view we can see 50 Cent as the victim having ended up in prison and looking to his girlfriend for support and as a heroine. We see the character that harassed our hero during transit to prison now get into a fight with the hero. This could also be STRUGGLE. As we near the end of the video we come across LIQUIDATION where the audience finds out that the prison was all in the hero's head and his fear of it. This is resolved when he realises that the police have not come for him. There is then VICTORY when the villain is defeated by our main character seeing him being taken away by the police from the opposite house and also PUNISHMENT as we know that the villain is going to prison.
In this video we only mainly see the main functions identified by Vladimir and some of the others such as RECONNAISSANCE and DELIVERY where the villain tries to exploit and manipulate the victim are not seen as this would probably make the video too long as a music video.
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